Nourish Your Immune System

To have a healthy, strong immune system, we need to focus on overall maintenance of health. Here are a few lifestyle factors that can impact your immune health.

■ Move your body: Participate in regular physical activity. Regular activity can benefit your entire body by helping you stay closer to goal weight, keep joints lubricated, control inflammation, and can also impact your mental health such as stress, anxiety and depression. Aim to get in 30 to 60 minutes of activity at least five days a week and also muscle strengthening activities at least two times per week. Find excuses to stay active throughout the day such as using the stairs, parking your car far from the entrance, and getting up from a sitting position often.

■ Manage stress: Certain types of stress can weaken our immune system and make us more susceptible to infection. Get enough sleep, manage your blood pressure, and focus on the positive, less on the negative. Research shows that HOW we handle stressful situations may be more important than having stressful situations. Sleep deprivation can depress the immune system’s disease-fighting power by reducing the production of T cells. T cells are part of the body’s immune system machinery.

■ Limit alcohol: Alcohol is one substance that can suppress our immune system. If you do drink, drink in moderation. Moderation is defined as one drink a day for women and two drinks a day for men.

Did you know?
One drink is considered to be 5 ounces of wine, 12 ounces of beer or 1.5 ounces of 80-proof spirits.

■ Take steps to avoid infection: Wash your hands frequently. Practice food safety when preparing food at home to reduce the spread of bacteria. Wash fruits and vegetables before eating. Thaw food in the refrigerator, in cold water or in the microwave. Cook meat and seafood thoroughly and keep raw and cooked foods separate. Wash counters and other cooking surfaces before,
during and after cooking.

__________________ is one of the best ways to avoid infections and help keep your immune system healthy.

Answer: Handwashing

■ Eat a balanced diet:
Not all foods are good for the immune system. Food high in saturated and manufactured trans fat and can suppress the immune system and make us more susceptible to infection.
Focus on creating a meal with half your plate in fruits and vegetables, ¼ plate of lean protein and ¼ plate of carbohydrates,
3 meals per day.

Our immune system functions throughout our body. It is composed of specialized cells that prevent or limit infection in our bodies. Immune cells recognize substances that enter our bodies and attempt to remove them if the substance appears to be harmful to us.

Consuming a healthful diet is one of the best strategies for having a healthy immune system. Research has shown some nutrients, including protein, and certain vitamins and minerals, have specific roles in immune health. If we lack any of these nutrients, our ability to fight infection can decrease.

Protein is found in every cell, tissue, and organ in our bodies. When we do not get enough protein, our bodies may produce less of certain immune cells and increase our susceptibility to infections of the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urinary tract. Protein-rich foods include lean poultry, beef and pork, low-fat dairy products such as milk and yogurt, eggs and fish/seafood. Peanut butter, seeds, beans, and nuts and contain some protein.

Tip: Include lean protein at each meal to get enough protein for the day. Adults aged 50 and older should get about 1 gram of protein per kg per day. An easy calculation to determine how much protein you need is by taking your weight in pounds and dividing by 2.2 to get kg. As we get older, we are not able to use dietary protein as efficiently as younger adults, so the amount is important along with
the regular dose—thus, 3 meals per day is best.

Antioxidants defend against the damage that is caused by the breakdown of cells (free radicals) caused by sickness in our body. What are some good sources of antioxidant nutrients? Which ones do you consume regularly?

Test Your Knowledge

Which food is high in vitamin C?

A. Beets

B. Red bell pepper

C. Eggs

D. Oatmeal

Answer: B. Red bell pepper

When our dietary intake is low in vitamin D, we are less able to fight off infection and disease. The best way to get vitamin D is to absorb it from the sun. Unfortunately, for the states in the northern part of the U.S., the sun is only strong enough for our bodies to absorb vitamin D from March to October. Most people require a multivitamin/mineral with vitamin D or a vitamin D-3 supplement to get the needed amount of vitamin D. It is difficult to get the needed 600 to 800 IU from food alone; usually a supplement is needed.

Test Your Knowledge
How much vitamin D does an adult between the ages of 19 and 70 need each day? How much vitamin D does an adult older than 70 need?

A. 2,000 IU

B. 800 IU

C. 600 IU

Answer: C. 600 IU for 19-17; 800 IU for older than 70

What are some other immune system-
friendly nutrients and their food sources?

Test Your Knowledge
Circle the nutrients that are good for immune health.

Antioxidants Vitamin D Alcohol
Copper Iron Niacin Zinc Protein

Answer: Antioxidants, vitamin D, iron, zinc, protein

Nutrient: anything that nourishes the body; we get nutrients from the foods we eat

Antibodies: a protein made by the body that produces an immune response when it senses an invader

Antioxidant: a substance that inhibits oxidation or reactions promoted by oxygen

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, www.niaid.nih.gov

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, www.cdc.gov
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, www.foodsafety.gov

Julie Garden-Robinson, Ph.D., R.D., L.R.D., Food and Nutrition Specialist

Allison Dhuyvetter, R.D., Program Assistant (former)

Claire Miner, L.R.D., Program Assistant (former)

Sherri Stastny, Ph.D., R.D., C.S.S.D., L.R.D., Professor,
Health, Nutrition and Exercise Sciences

This project is supported by the Rural Health & Safety Education Competitive Grant Program of the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA), grant number 2013-46100-21467.

County commissions, North Dakota State University and U.S. Department of Agriculture cooperating. NDSU does not discriminate in its programs and activities on the basis of age, color, gender expression/identity, genetic information, marital status, national origin, participation in lawful off-campus activity, physical or mental disability, pregnancy, public assistance status, race, religion, sex, sexual orientation, spousal relationship to current employee, or veteran status, as applicable. Direct inquiries to Vice Provost for Title IX/ADA Coordinator, Old Main 201, NDSU Main Campus, 701-231-7708, ndsu.eoaa@ndsu.edu. This publication will be made available in alternative formats for people with disabilities upon request, 701-231-7881. 1M-9-15; web-10-22; web-2-24